An overview of the proposal for a Common European Sales Law and some of the questions to which it gives rise.

Private enforcement of competition law is a highly current topic in the EU and elsewhere. The European Commission has taken the lead in promoting damages actions for breach of EU competition rules and in setting up an efficient system. This article moulds the policy discussion on private enforcement of EU competition law to damages claims in bid rigging cases. It explains the reasons why currently such actions are atypical for EU national courts to deliberate upon. One of its main conclusions is that EU competition law authorities (and subsequently national authorities) need to address the specific position of the state as a private litigant in bid rigging cases.

An analysis of the European Commission's proposals for reform of European contract law.

Well-founded fears that ‘refugee warriors’ will use refugee camps as a base for military operations, exploit a wider refugee population, or misuse international aid have led to the development of policies intended to ensure the separation of combatants and civilian refugee populations. However, a dogmatic approach to that policy goal may miss the true complexity of both refugee protection and the relationships between a refugee population and a military group. This article examines an alternative possibility, that a non-state armed group may be a potential partner in refugee protection and welfare promotion. It draws on the experiences of refugees from Burma living in camps in Thailand, where there has been a long-standing connection between camp governance structures and a political/military organization movement, the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army. While camp governance activities have been flawed, they have also displayed a high level of integrity. It is argued that in such a situation, where there is a proven record of working to improve civilian welfare, international organizations might usefully explore possibilities of engagement with non-state armed groups as partners in refugee protection, with the specific goal of encouraging a more representative, accountable, and democratic approach to governance.

This article examines the potential liability of a party inviting tenders for a contract for improperly rejecting a tender. The approach of the courts in the recent decision of Petition of Sidey Ltd for Judicial Review of a decision of Clackmannanshire Council [2011] CSOH 194 is the focus of the discussion.

The chapter discusses the procedural and institutional features of the EU competition enforcement framework, as well as investigating institutional performance mechanisms and due process questions.

An analysis of the DCFR's rules on representation, stipulations in favour of athird party, plurality of debtors and creditors; assignment and other changes of parties.

The paper argues that Scottish-ness emerges constantly in Neil MacCormick's writings in the same way as it did in his conversation and teaching, naturally and appropriately to the point under discussion, and as un-self-consciously as is ever possible in the act of serious writing. Sometimes the point of departure is Scotland in some aspect or other (usually political), and quite frequently what MacCormick wanted to say was about and for Scotland; but it was all part of a wider picture in the end, at least European in its overall scope and ambition. Scottish-ness is thus part of the texture, the woof and warp, of MacCormick’s work: not to be over-emphasised, but, equally, not to be overlooked or under-played.

This paper explores the writing and development of chapter 5 of Millar's Origin of the Distinction of Ranks, dealing with servants, showing how he devloped the text in relationship to his lectures, and the anxieties he displayed in his correspondence with his publisher